Paleo Diet Q & A - 3 February 2010 - Milk During Pregnancy

Dear Readers,

Today's edition of Paleo Diet Q & A focuses on consumption of milk during pregnancy.

Q: Hi Dr. Cordain,

My sister is a few weeks pregnant and has been following the Paleo Diet for a couple months now. Her doctor just told her to consume lots of milk during her pregnancy. My assumption is that they want to make sure she's getting plenty of vitamin D and calcium. I have her on a 2000 IU/day vitamin D supplement as well as a calcium/vitamin D supplement. What are your thoughts/suggestions?

Drew

A: Dear Drew,

There is good evidence that up until 9,000 years ago in the Middle East¹ and 7,000 years ago in Northern Europe², no human being on the planet consumed non-human milk or dairy products.

So, on an evolutionary time scale non-human milk is a relative newcomer to the human diet.

By using the evolutionary template, and knowing that milk is species-specific, we would expect this new habit to have unintended consequences, which go much beyond lactose intolerance, which is, actually very common, since only a minor percentage of the world’s population continues to produce lactase into adulthood³.

Indeed there are several lines of evidence raising concerns with milk and dairy intake, such as:

1) Milk and fermented milk (yoghurt, for instance), despite having a low Glycemic Index and Load, elicit a very high insulin response and this has been shown repeatedly in intervention studies^4-9.

As you may be aware, constantly increasing insulinemia may down-regulate the insulin receptor and hence lead to insulin resistance^10-12. Thisin turn is the primary metabolic defect underlying The Metabolic Syndrome¹³, and may be a driving force in Obesity^{14, 15}. It should also be mentioned that a chronic state of Hyperinsulinemia may initiate a hormonal cascade that ultimately results in Cancer, Acne and Juvenile Myopia, among other diseases¹³ (as thoroughly documented in Dr.Cordain’s scientific paper Hyperinsulinemic diseases of civilization: more than just syndrome X which you can download here.

Indeed, a high bovine milk diet has been shown to cause insulin resistance in boys⁹. Moreover, dairy intake is strongly associated with a higher incidence of Acne^16-18 and moderately associated with Prostate Cancer^19-23.

2) Cow’s milk appears to be involved in certain Autoimmune diseases (AD):

• Various epidemiological studies have associated it with Type 1 Diabetes^24-31, especially when the initial exposure begins in the first months of life.
• Epidemiological studies have repeatedly shown a strong correlation between Multiple Sclerosis and cow’s milk consumption^32-36.
• There is molecular mimicry between Bovine Serum Albumin and Human Collagen Type 1, which has implications for Rheumatoid Arthritis³⁷. Indeed, case studies have shown that elimination of milk and dairy products from the diets of patients with RA improved symptoms, and the disease was markedly exacerbated on re-challenge³⁷.
• Bovine Milk is also implicated (or appears to have adverse effects) in other auto-immune diseases, such as Crohn's disease³⁸, Sjögren's syndrome³⁹, IgA nephropathy^40-42, Behçet's disease⁴³, and even Celiac Disease⁴⁰.

3) Hormones in Milk:

In addition to proteins, fats, lactose, vitamins and minerals, Milk contains various growth-stimulating steroid and peptide hormone and also catalysts, transporters and stabilizers that ensure their maximum bioactivity⁴⁵.

Here’s a short list of some hormones present in cow’s milk that could be problematic for humans:

• Insulin
• IGF-1
• Betacellulin (BTC)
• Estrogens (particularly Estrone Sulfate)
• Precursors of Dihydrotestosterone (DHT)

Insulin

Cow’s milk, as well as human milk (and presumably milk from all mammals) contains insulin^46-49, and we know that bovine insulin - BI (which differs from human insulin by three amino acids⁵⁰) survives pasteurization, because immunity to this hormone is common in children who consume cow’s milk or who have been exposed to infant formulas containing cow’s milk^51-54.

This not only confirms that BI is present in commercial pasteurized milk, but also in infant formulas and perhaps other dairy products (although direct evidence is lacking). Moreover, these studies provide evidence that BI survives the human digestive processes and crosses the gut barrier intact, although this could be related to the fact that infants have higher intestinal permeability than older children and adults⁵⁰. Nevertheless, various factors may cause the so called "leaky gut" in virtually everyone, so we shouldn’t dismiss bovine insulin altogether.

IGF-1

Cow’s milk contains active IGF-1⁵⁵, but this has been largely dismissed as irrelevant, since pasteurization (time and temperature are crucial factors) and fermentation appears to reduce its content^{56, 57}. Yet cow’s milk consumption, compared to various foods, is associated with higher plasma IGF-1 concentrations in humans (both children^58-61 and adults^62-66, which could be due to calcium in milk (which has been shown to increase IGF-1 in boys and girls⁶⁷), the effect of milk upon insulinemia (the high elevation of plasma insulin caused by milk drinking^4-9 could lead to a higher plasma IGF-1¹³) or indeed residual IGF-1 in casein⁶⁸ (the major protein in milk).

Betacellulin

Betacellulin (BTC) belongs to the Epidermal Growth Factor family of hormones⁶⁹, and it is found not only in cow’s milk⁷⁰ and whey⁷⁰, but also in cheese⁷⁰, so it survives pasteurization and processing. Although no direct evidence exists yet, bovine milk contains peptidase inhibitors which prevent human gut enzymes from degrading EGF⁵ (and most likely BTC) and a low ph, such as may be found in the gut, does not impair or prevent BTC from binding its receptor⁷¹. Finally, there is a luminally expressed EGF receptor in the gut, through which BTC may enter circulation⁶⁹.

Steroid Hormones

The major sources of animal-derived estrogens in the human diet are believed to be milk and dairy products, which presumably account for 70–80% of the total estrogens consumed^72-73. Furthermore, it has been pointed out that most milk for human consumption is obtained from cows in the latter half of pregnancy, when estrogen metabolite levels are greatly elevated^72-74. Confirming this, US researchers have measured estrogen metabolites in various milks and found that buttermilk contains the highest total amount of estrogen metabolites, followed by skim milk, 2% milk and whole milk⁷². So, estrogen metabolites appear to survive pasteurization, and Estrone sulphate, which comprises 45% of the conjugated estrogens in Premarin and Prempro, the most frequently prescribed hormone replacement therapy for menopausal women⁷³ has high oral bioactivity⁷³ and is the most prevalent form of estrogen in cow’s milk^{72, 73}.

There are also other steroid hormones in commercial pasteurized cow’s milk, such as progesterone, 5α-androstanedione and 5α-pregnanedione that are dihydrotestosterone (DHT) precursors⁷⁵.

As expected from the evidence presented, dairy intake is strongly associated with a higher incidence of Acne^16-18, moderately associated with Prostate Cancer^19-23, and mildly associated with ovarian cancer^{76, 77}.

Dairy consumption was also associated with an increased incidence of testicular^78-79, kidney⁸⁰ and head and neck cancer⁸¹, but very few studies looking at this have been conducted to draw more significant conclusions.

Although epidemiological evidence can’t show cause and effect and clearly many more studies need to be conducted, the current evidence strongly suggests that cow’s milk may be implicated in a variety of autoimmune diseases, certain cancers, as well as Acne.

4) Milk has a very high calcium/magnesium ratio and may contribute to some micronutrient imbalances.

Finally, there is evidence of higher fracture incidence rates in countries with higher milk and calcium intake82, some long term prospective studies have failed to show a benefit from drinking milk or taking calcium supplements83-85, and a recent meta-analysis, which analyzed 7 prospective cohort studies (170 991 women), 5 prospective cohort studies (⁶⁸ 606 men), 5 clinical trials, (5666 women, and 1074 men), and 4 clinical trials with separate results for hip fracture (6504 subjects), concluded that calcium intake doesn’t decrease the risk for fractures⁸⁶. And calcium intake is only part of the story – we need to consider the GI absorption and the renal excretion, and in these regards, vegetables from the brassica family have a clear advantage over milk.

I know this may sound overly alarming and exaggerated, but given what I know about milk, I have a hard time recommending it, even though it has some positive effects, such as being a cheap source of high quality protein and various micronutrients.

For those who are fortunate and have access to good (real) food and supplements (such as Vitamin D, which, by the way, may be needed in much higher doses than the ones provided by 3 or 4 servings of dairy a day) and adopt a diet more in line with the Paleo Diet, I believe milk is not necessary.

I hope this helps.
Pedro

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Paleo Diet Q & A - 2 February 2010 - The Paleo Diet and Children

Dear Readers,

Today's Paleo Diet Q & A focuses on use of the diet for children.

---

Q: Thanks for all of the hard work your team puts into this. I've been receiving the e-mail blog for quite some time, have read both Paleo Diet and Paleo Diet for Athletes books, and subscribe to a Yahoo Paleo blog as well. I thoroughly enjoy reading the information sent to me every few days including the archives.

One concern I do have is that the bulk of the information seems to be targeted toward adults. More specifically adults with health problems that have already occurred and are in many cases not being addressed or cured by "traditional" medical practices. As the kids grow I feel it is important to develop proper dietary habits now, not when they are older and dealing with the after effects of poor health.

In my personal case I have a young son who has had issues with asthma. We have sought medical help but my mind keeps coming back to the Paleo Diet. Is there more detailed information available to address the issues of babies, young children and some of the issues they deal with as they mature?

Again, thanks for the great job.
Murray

A: Hi Murray,

The subject of pregnancy, young children, and The Paleo Diet was discussed in Volume 5 Issue 24 of our newsletter, The Paleo Diet Update. Here is the full text of that article:

Pregnancy, Young Children, and the Paleo Diet
by Loren Cordain, Ph.D.

With the growing popularity of the Paleo Diet, we've received questions about adapting this diet for pregnancy, particularly with regard to the low fat aspect of the diet. Others are also asking for more information about adapting the Paleo Diet to the growth and nutritional needs of infants and young children. With a little modification, the Paleo Diet can meet these needs, help children escape the growing childhood obesity problem, build life-long eating habits to lower the risk of disease, and generate healthful, vital longevity. Here are some recommendations for using the Paleo Diet to optimize nutrition during pregnancy, infancy and childhood.

What about pregnancy?

Due to the metabolic changes that occur in the liver during pregnancy, women cannot tolerate protein levels as high as they normally could. This has been documented in both the anthropological and clinical literature. To accommodate this, higher fat meats, higher fat vegetables, and more carbs can be included in the Paleo Diet during pregnancy than most people eating the typical Paleo Diet will need.

Numerous studies have shown that fetal and infant cognitive development requires sufficient omega-3 fatty acids during pregnancy and nursing. Our ancestors got most of their dietary fat from leaner meat, which was a richer source of monounsaturated and omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids, than the meat from feedlot animals today. The Paleo Diet is high in mono-unsaturated fats, such as olive oil, and omega-3 polyunsaturated fats from fish. It also avoids feedlot meat to increase the omega-3 in our diet, and enhance the omega-6/omega-3 ratio to more closely resemble the healthful diet of our ancestors.

What about infancy (the first two years of a child's life)?

Hunter-gatherer children were typically introduced to solid food later than what is considered normal in the Western world. Studies of five hunter-gatherer societies (Kung, Ache, Inuit, Australian Aborigines, and Hadza) have revealed the average age of weaning to be 2.9 years. Hence, the early nutrition of hunter-gatherer infants is highly dependent upon mother's milk. Because hunter-gatherers typically consumed a diet higher in omega-3 fatty acids, mother's milk likely would also have been higher in omega-3 fatty acids than milk from the typical nursing Western mother. This difference is important in light of the studies indicating the importance of sufficient omega-3 fatty acids during pregnancy and nursing for cognitive development. For the Western mother, weaning at age 3 is impractical, but weaning should be delayed as long as possible (preferrably at least 1-1.5 years). After weaning, I recommend that infants be given a formula th at is enriched with both docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) and arachidonic acid (AA). Infants should not be given eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) in the form of fish oil because it competes with AA metabolism and can result in impaired motor development and growth.

Human milk contains very little iron, but infants are born with iron stores sufficient to last 9-12 months. Pediatricians typically recommend that infants' first solid foods be iron-fortified cereals. Commercial baby foods, such as beef, pork, or chicken, are a better alternative to this. Hunter-gatherer mothers introduced their infants to solid foods by thoroughly chewing meat, marrow, nuts, seeds, fruits, etc. If you do give cereal to your infant, I recommend rice and not either wheat or oats.

Virtually all pediatricians recommend that cow's milk and other dairy products, such as yogurt, cheese, etc., be excluded from infant diets during their first year. Early exposure to dairy products has been implicated in increased risk of a number of autoimmune diseases, particularly type 1 diabetes.

What about when solid foods are introduced?

When switching to solid foods, I recommend focusing upon the same basic food types that I recommend for adults, such as fresh fruits and vegetables, fresh meats and seafood. There is evidence that the children's livers are less able to deal with high levels of protein (~30-40 % total energy). Hence, higher fat meats and fish should not necessarily be restricted to the same extent as with adults because this will help balance the protein levels. Higher fat plant foods, such as nuts and avocados, and healthful oils are also useful, but monitor for nut allergies. Omega-3 enriched eggs should be the egg of choice, and they are a source of DHA.

I don't advocate completely restricting processed food from children because eating involves behavioral issues. The best way to get a child to eat junk food is to completely forbid it. In our house, we serve typical Paleo foods in every meal. We stock very little processed food, so if our children are hungry, their choices are primarily healthy foods. We don't allow unlimited access to TV, computers or electronic games, but we do encourage outdoor play. For active children, I don't think that certain high glycemic load foods may be harmful. We do not restrict dried fruit, such as raisins and dates, and we encourage them to eat bananas, yams and sweet potatoes.

Finally, while societies often view being tall positively, it has a downside. It increases the adult risk for a number of cancers, particularly breast cancer in women. The nature of this relationship remains obscure, but our research group thinks that the relationship between stature and cancer risk involves the consumption of high glycemic load carbohydrates during childhood, along with an otherwise healthy diet that is high in protein. I fully explain how high glycemic load carbohydrates can increase height and risk of numerous chronic diseases in my published research article # 24. Cordain L, Eades MR, Eades MD. Hyperinsulinemic diseases of civilization: more than just syndrome X.

Please visit our web site to obtain a copy of Volume 5 Issue 24 of The Paleo Diet Update for a complete list of the references cited in this article.

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Dr. Cordain has also written the following comments:

The American Pediatric Society recommends that cow’s milk not be given in the first year ,and a number of studies indicate that it increases the risk for type I diabetes and other autoimmune diseases later in life. I have 3 boys (17, 15, 11) and none of them have ever consumed milk on a regular basis – In fact they rarely or never drink it. They eat cheese and ice cream occasionally, but certainly not daily or even once a week. The 17 yr old is a lean, high level high school swimmer and is 5’10”, 138 lbs. The 15 year old is 6’1” and 145 lbs and plays competitive ice hockey; the 11 year old is 5’4” about 95 lbs and plays all sports. None of them wears glasses, or have ever had acne & among them all there have only been 2 dental caries. We are not strict with the Paleo diet for them, but we never have stocked our house with bread, crackers, milk, candy, soda or processed foods. At every meal we provide a variety of fresh fruits, vegetables, meats, seafood and omega 3 enriched eggs. They eat potatoes, sweet potatoes, and some rice & some processed foods like sushi, beef jerky, fruit popsicles, tacos and other minimally processed foods. All parents want to give their children the best start possible. Our anecdotal successes may not be right for everyone, but they have worked for us.

Loren Cordain, Ph.D.

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In addition, Pedro has the following commentary:

During the first year of life, you should give a child human milk or a completely hydrolyzed infant formula (one study used a casein-based commercially available formula in children with high risk for Type 1 Diabetes).

Milk and dairy not only increase the risk for Type 1 Diabetes when consumed early in life, but they are also associated with various auto-immune diseases. Moreover, milk elevates insulin as much as white bread (having been shown to induce insulin resistance in boys) and it increases IGF-1 and decreases IGFBP-3, which is a hormonal pattern implicated in various cancers (prostate, breast, kidney, liver, etc.), myopia and acne.

Finally, milk proteins (especially alpha casein s1 and beta-lactoglobulin, which do not exist in human milk) are common food allergens, and milk is a source of various hormones (commercial milk from pregnant cows and cows who have mastitis and/or are intensively fed to gain weight rapidly have an even higher concentration of some of these hormones). This is another possible mechanism linking milk with hormonal dependent cancers. There various other reasons why I think non-human milk is not ideal for humans, but I tried to present the most important ones.

I know this may sound overly alarming and exaggerated, but given what I know about milk, I have a hard time recommending it, even though it has some positive effects.

In my opinion, the main benefit of milk is that it is a cheap source of high quality protein and various micronutrients. So, for those who are fortunate and have access to good food, milk is not necessary.

Instead of milk, I would continue using a completely hydrolysed formula (like the one used in the Type 1 Diabetes study – make sure it contains DHA and arachidonic acid [AA], or supplement your child's diet with DHA and give them egg yolks to get AA).

If you don’t have a choice and feel like you have to give them milk, I would opt for non-homogenized fermented goat milk (or goat yoghurt), which has much less alpha casein s1 than cow’s milk, and it may contain smaller concentrations of various steroid and peptide hormones. This is because it is fermented, the animal is smaller, and they aren’t typically treated like a cow.

Nevertheless, it most certainly will elevate insulin as much as cow’s milk does, and it will have an impact on the IGF-1 system. Moreover, apart from alpha casein s1, the protein profile of goat milk is similar to cow milk, so the possibility exists that it may also elicit an autoimmune response in some people. Also, there are reports in the medical literature of selective allergy to goat milk. Finally, both milks have a high calcium/magnesium ratio, and may contribute to some micronutrient imbalances.

Pedro

Paleo Diet Q & A - 2 December 2009

Dear Readers,

Here's today's edition of Paleo Diet Q & A.

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Q: I'm a beginner with the Paleo Diet. I want to try it out but I'm a vegetarian (I eat tofu, seitan, tempeh, fish, eggs, and cheese as replacements for meat). I understand I have to leave out the beans, but is it ok to use the rest of the replacements ? Thank you for an answer.

A: The Paleo Diet is based on foods similar to what our hunter-gatherer ancestors ate during the paleolithic era 2.6 million year to 10,000 years ago. That translates into 99.6 % of our evolution history. Our genome is perfectly adapted to eat foods similar to what we found during that period of time. This means eating lean meats, seafood, vegetables, fruits, and nuts. The agricultural revolution (10,000 years ago) lead to a dramatic change in human nutrition. Cereal grains, legumes, dairy, vegetable oils, salt, alcohol, and refined sugars comprise 72% of the nutrition in the modern western society. These foods contain harmful substances associated to many "diseases of civilization", such as diabetes, celiac disease and other autoimmune diseases, obesity, hypertension, certain cancers, acne, polycistic ovary syndrome, myopia, dyslipidemia, cardiovascular disease, etc.

Tofu and tempeh are sources of soy bean agglutinin (SBA). SBA has harmful properties because they break cell membranes. This can induce increased intestinal permeability, which is associated to certain autoimmune diseases and low-grade inflammation. SBA has also been shown to stimulate the immune system, something we don't want in an inflammatory disease.

Seitan contains the worst part of wheat namely gluten. Gluten is a prolamine peptide associated to many diseases typical of western civilization, such as celiac disease, type 1 diabetes, multiple sclerosis, ataxia, rheumatoid arthritis, etc.

So, if you want to eat a paleolithic diet without eating meat you should ensure a good protein intake using egg powder protein shakes along with some supplements:

• Vitamin B12 1 mg per day
• Taurine 1 gram per day
• Carnosine 800 mg per day
• Carnitine 400 mg per day

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Q: Hi I'm about to have a child, and I don't want to bring it up on a diet of sugar and wheat. Do you have any research for children and the Paleo Diet?

A: No, there aren't any clinical trials for children and The Paleo Diet. However, the current advice for infant nutrition comes from nutritional boards who base their views on:

1. Western human diet observations.
2. Randomized controlled trials with single nutrients in a western setting.
3. Extrapolation of observation in western adults to infants.

This means these recommendations are not based on the evolutionary template, which dictates our metabolic and physiological needs.

For example, recommendations for formula milk composition are the opposite of what research on hunter-gatherer mothers' milk has found. Current recommendations for formula milk state that Linoleic acid content should be high, and saturated fats such as Lauric and Myristic acid should be low. This is the contrary to what we find in mothers on the island of Chole in Tanzania who eat fish, vegetables, fruits and nuts, and turns out that these people are free of "diseases of civilization".

Paleo Diet Q & A - 11.18.09

Dear Readers,

Here's today's edition of Q & A from the Paleo Diet community. Thanks to those of you who've left questions and comments in reply to these posts. Our team is currently reviewing all outstanding questions and will have answers to post soon.

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Q: My question is regarding the consumption of milk. There are a great number of coaches around the country who advocate at least moderate, if not generous, amounts of milk in their athletes' diets. Does it not provide a good source of protein and carbohydrate balance, not to mention the calcium content? What is the paleo stance on milk and why?

A: There are several reasons why not to consume dairy products:

Hominids evolved during 2.6 million years behaving as hunter-gatherers.

Although there wasn’t a single diet, and diet rather varied by latitude, season, climate, culture, etc., all ancestral diets shared key characteristics. Food sources were limited to unprocessed foraged plants, and unprocessed land and marine animals hunted from the proximate environment. As such, human diets consisted of combinations of wild animal carcasses (including brains, bone marrow, and organs), shellfish, fish, fruits, leafy vegetables, mushrooms, insects, larvae, nuts, seasonal honey, and eggs.

Ten thousand years ago, major changes in the environment happened, including the human diet. New foods, such as cereal grains, legumes, dairy, vegetable oils, refined sugars, fatty domesticated meats and salt, were introduced.

Since that time, there is strong evidence that our genome has remained essentially unchanged over the past 10,000 years. Evolutionary medicine predicts that these environmental changes may have caused adverse effects.

Indeed, it is believed that this mismatch between our ancient genome and the modern environment (including our modern diet) is at the root of the so-called diseases of western civilization, such as type 2 diabetes, obesity, dislipidemia, hypertension, certain types of cancer, acne, autoimmune diseases, myopia, polycystic ovary syndrome and more.

Regarding dairy, we know that this food group was not available for human intake prior to the onset of animal husbandry--roughly 9,000 years ago in the Middle East, and 7,000 years ago in Northern Europe. So dairy is a relatively new food on an evolutionary time scale, which explains why it may produce the following adverse effects, through different mechanisms:

• Milk is a source of estrogens and dihydrotestosterone precursors, which can increase the risk of certain cancers and acne.
• Milk increases IGF-1, and the IGF-1/IGFBP-3 ratio, and this increases the risk of certain cancers and acne--among other diseases--as explained by Dr. Cordain in his 2003 paper “Hyperinsulinemic diseases of civilization: more than just syndrome X” (http://www.thepaleodiet.com/articles/Hyperinsulinemic%20Diseases%20Final.pdf)
• Milk contains insulin, and bovine insulin differs in only 3 amino acids from human insulin. This feature can increase the risk of Type 1 diabetes in genetically susceptible persons.
• Betacellulin: is a hormone belonging to the EGF family of hormones. If it is confirmed that Betacellulin is able to enter circulation, then there is a very good possibility that it may increase the susceptibility of certain epithelial cancers.
• Milk elevates insulin as much as white bread. Constantly elevating plasma insulin levels may lead to insulin resistance, which is at the root of several metabolic diseases such as obesity, type 2 diabetes or hypertension.
• High calcium intake adversely affects zinc absorption, a key mineral in more than 300 enzymatic reactions.
• Milk contains several allergenic proteins.
• Dairy products, especially hard cheeses, yield a very high net acidic load which might lead to calcium and muscle loss and decrease growth hormone.

In sports nutrition BCAA intake is crucial for muscle recovery. Lean meat is the biggest sources of BCAA (33 grs/1000Kcal). Dairy contains much less BCAA (12 grs/1000Kcal), so if you replace lean meats with dairy you are taking much less BCAA which is crucial in muscle recovery.

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Q: I was diagnosed with ulcerative colitis about 3 years ago. It started off as a very mild case but recently progressed to the point where my doctor was discussing having my colon removed if a new medication (Remicade) did not work. Being on Remicade has helped, and I was able to put 20 pounds back on. However, I do not believe in medication alone. I believe that diet is a key component to living a healthy life. I follow the Paleo Diet which has helped tremendously. I know that there are certain foods like night shade vegetables, which are part of the Paleo Diet, that I should avoid. Is there any other foods on the Paleo Diet that I should eliminate?

A: Yes, autoimmune patients should make some changes regarding The Paleo Diet:

• Nightshade (potatoes, eggplants, peppers and tomatoes) should be removed from your diet as they contain harmful lectins and saponins.
• Egg white is a source of a membranolytic (breaks cell membranes) protein--namely Lisozyme--and therefore should also be removed from your diet.
• Remember that soy beans derived products, as well as peanuts, are legumes. They should be removed from your diet.
• Another harmful nutrients are quinoa, amaranth and root beer.

You can find more info in our "How to Treat MS with Diet" program, which is available from our website: http://www.thepaleodiet.com/store.shtml.